To learn CPR: First four steps

Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
1

Verify the scene is safe. Check for responsiveness by tapping the shoulders and shouting. Simultaneously scan the chest for breathing and palpate the carotid pulse for no less than 5 but no more than 10 seconds.

2

If the patient is unresponsive and has no pulse (or only gasping), immediately activate the emergency response system and send a specific bystander to retrieve an Automated External Defibrillator (AED).

3

Place the patient supine on a firm, flat surface. Position the heel of one hand on the lower half of the sternum and the other hand on top, interlocking fingers. Ensure shoulders are directly over the hands with elbows locked.

4

Deliver compressions at a rate of 100–120 bpm and a depth of 2–2.4 inches (5–6 cm). Ensure full chest recoil between compressions by not leaning on the chest.

Tips:

  • Protracted Pulse Check: Spending more than 10 seconds assessing the pulse.
  • Xiphoid Process Compression: Positioning hands too low on the chest and compressing the xiphoid process.
  • Inadequate Compression Depth: Failing to reach the 2-inch minimum, which results in insufficient blood flow to the brain and heart.